Sociocultural factors (social networks, media influence and cultural norms relating to eating and appearance) have been linked to bulimia. For individuals with bulimia nervosa, high levels of perfectionism can be seen within the illness (e.g., strict rules around eating and food) as well as outside of the illness (e.g., extremely high standards and expectations for themselves in academics, work, etc.). Mistakes are often viewed as personal failures – and something to be avoided at all cost. Perfectionism refers to a personality style where an individual strives for flawlessness, is highly concerned with approval, and may be extremely self-critical regarding performance. ![]() Sources of low self-esteem are varied and can include childhood experiences, temperament styles, and other mental health conditions. When one is experiencing low self-esteem, it can cause feelings of depression which can contribute to the development of eating disorder behaviors. These factors are often considered to be maintaining features that contribute to the perpetuation of the illness and can be directly targeted during treatment. We have learned that there are certain characteristics and experiences that are common to individuals with bulimia (including perfectionism, low self-esteem and traumatic events), that may place a person at greater risk for the illness. Psychological factors, in conjunction with biological and social influences, can play an important role in the development of bulimia nervosa.
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